Seven Discourses on Art

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第3章

Seven Discourses on Art Sir Joshua Reynolds

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Seven Discourses on Art
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  Itmustbeacknowledgedlikewise,thattogetherwiththese,whichwewishhehadmoreattendedto,hehasrejectedallthefalsethoughspeciousornamentswhichdisgracetheworksevenofthemostesteemedartists;andIwillventuretosay,thatwhenthosehigherexcellencesaremoreknownandcultivatedbytheartistsandthepatronsofarts,hisfameandcreditwillincreasewithourincreasingknowledge。HisnamewillthenbeheldinthesamevenerationasitwasintheenlightenedageofLeotheTenth:anditisremarkablethatthereputationofthistrulygreatmanhasbeencontinuallydecliningastheartitselfhasdeclined。ForI

  mustremarktoyou,thatithaslongbeenmuchonthedecline,andthatouronlyhopeofitsrevivalwillconsistinyourbeingthoroughlysensibleofitsdepravationanddecay。ItistoMichaelAngelothatweoweeventheexistenceofRaffaelle;itistohimRaffaelleowesthegrandeurofhisstyle。Hewastaughtbyhimtoelevatehisthoughts,andtoconceivehissubjectswithdignity。

  Hisgenius,however,formedtoblazeandtoshine,might,likefireincombustiblematter,foreverhavelaindormantifithadnotcaughtasparkbyitscontactwithMichaelAngelo:andthoughitneverburstoutwiththatextraordinaryheatandvehemence,yetitmustbeacknowledgedtobeamorepure,regular,andchasteflame。

  ThoughourjudgmentwilluponthewholedecideinfavourofRaffaelle:yethenevertakesthatfirmholdandentirepossessionofthemindinsuchamannerastodesirenothingelse,andfeelnothingwanting。TheeffectofthecapitalworksofMichaelAngeloperfectlycorrespondtowhatBourchardonsaidhefeltfromreadingHomer。Hiswholeframeappearedtohimselftobeenlarged,andallnaturewhichsurroundedhimdiminishedtoatoms。

  Ifweputthosegreatartistsinalightofcomparisonwitheachother,Raffaellehadmoretasteandfancy,MichaelAngelomoregeniusandimagination。Theoneexcelledinbeauty,theotherinenergy。MichaelAngelohasmoreofthepoeticalinspiration;hisideasarevastandsublime;hispeopleareasuperiororderofbeings;thereisnothingaboutthem,nothingintheairoftheiractionsortheirattitudes,orthestyleandcastoftheirverylimbsorfeatures,thatputsoneinmindoftheirbelonging,toourownspecies。Raffaelle’simaginationisnotsoelevated;hisfiguresarenotsomuchdisjoinedfromourowndiminutiveraceofbeings,thoughhisideasarechaste,noble,andofgreatconformitytotheirsubjects。MichaelAngelo’sworkshaveastrong,peculiar,andmarkedcharacter;theyseemtoproceedfromhisownmindentirely,andthatmindsorichandabundant,thatheneverneeded,orseemedtodisdain,tolookabroadforforeignhelp。Raffaelle’smaterialsaregenerallyborrowed,thoughthenoblestructureishisown。Theexcellencyofthisextraordinarymanlayinthepropriety,beauty,andmajestyofhischaracters,hisjudiciouscontrivanceofhiscomposition,correctnessofdrawing,purityoftaste,andtheskilfulaccommodationofothermen’sconceptionstohisownpurpose。Nobodyexcelledhiminthatjudgment,withwhichheunitedtohisownobservationsonnaturetheenergyofMichaelAngelo,andthebeautyandsimplicityoftheantique。Tothequestion,therefore,whichoughttoholdthefirstrank,RaffaelleorMichaelAngelo,itmustbeanswered,thatifitistobegiventohimwhopossessedagreatercombinationofthehigherqualitiesoftheartthananyotherman,thereisnodoubtbutRaffaelleisthefirst。Butif,accordingtoLonginus,thesublime,beingthehighestexcellencethathumancompositioncanattainto,abundantlycompensatestheabsenceofeveryotherbeauty,andatonesforallotherdeficiencies,thenMichaelAngelodemandsthepreference。

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