LETTERS

第113章

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第113章

LETTERS Thomas Jefferson

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LETTERS
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  Butcantheybemadeunchangeable?Canonegenerationbindanother,andallothers,insuccessionforever?Ithinknot。TheCreatorhasmadetheearthfortheliving,notthedead。Rightsandpowerscanonlybelongtopersons,nottothings,nottomerematter,unendowedwithwill。Thedeadarenoteventhings。Theparticlesofmatterwhichcomposedtheirbodies,makepartnowofthebodiesofotheranimals,vegetables,orminerals,ofathousandforms。Towhatthenareattachedtherightsandpowerstheyheldwhileintheformofmen?Agenerationmaybinditselfaslongasitsmajoritycontinuesinlife;whenthathasdisappeared,anothermajorityisinplace,holdsalltherightsandpowerstheirpredecessorsonceheld,andmaychangetheirlawsandinstitutionstosuitthemselves。

  Nothingthenisunchangeablebuttheinherentandunalienablerightsofman。

  Iwasgladtofindinyourbookaformalcontradition,atlength,ofthejudiciaryusurpationoflegislativepowers;forsuchthejudgeshaveusurpedintheirrepeateddecisions,thatChristianityisapartofthecommonlaw。Theproofofthecontrary,whichyouhaveadduced,isincontrovertible;towit,thatthecommonlawexistedwhiletheAnglo-SaxonswereyetPagans,atatimewhentheyhadneveryetheardthenameofChristpronounced,orknewthatsuchacharacterhadeverexisted。Butitmayamuseyou,toshewwhen,andbywhatmeans,theystolethislawinuponus。Inacaseof_quareimpedit_intheYear-book34。H。6。folio38。anno1458,

  aquestionwasmade,howfartheecclesiasticallawwastoberespectedinacommonlawcourt?AndPrisot,ChiefJustice,giveshisopinioninthesewords,`Atielleisqu’ilsdeseintegliseonten_ancienscripture_,covientanousadonnercredence;carceocommonleysurquelstoutsmannersleissontfondes。Etauxy,Sir,noussumusoblegesdeconustrelourleydesainteglise:etsemblablementilssontobligesdeconustrenostreley。Et,Sir,sipoitappereroranousquel’evesqueadfaitcomeunordinaryferaentielcas,adongnousdevonsceoadjugerbon,ouautermentnemy,’&c。

  SeeS。C。Fitzh。Abr。Qu。imp。89。Bro。Abr。Qu。imp。12。Finchinhisfirstbook,c。3。isthefirstafterwardswhoquotesthiscase,andmistakesitthus。`Tosuchlawsofthechurchashavewarrantin_holyscripture_,ourlawgivethcredence。’AndcitesPrisot;

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