Thesocialevilswereseriousenough。Dogmatictheologymaynotseematfirstsighttobethemostappropriateremedy；but，ifitwere，itcertainlyneededabetterarmyofdefenders。Theidealchurchmusthaveatheologicalschool，abodyoftrainedteacherscapableofmeetingtheassaultsofunbelievers，ofpointingoutthetrueresultsofbiblicalcriticism，ofscientificandhistoricalinquiries，andofdefiningtheattitudeofthechurchinregardtothem。221*Wardisawaketothegrowthofanewinfidelity，moredangerousthanthatofthelastcentury。Carlyle，Kant，Michelet，andMilmanarementionedasrepresentingdifferentmanifestationsofthisevilspirit。
Strauss，too，issellingmorerapidlythananyforeignwork。222*Moreover，’Protestantism，’ashemaintains，isutterlyeffeteandunabletocopewiththeantagonist。The’theoryofprivatejudgment’involvesdoubt，andwilltendinevitablyto’Comte’sphilosophy。’223*ComtewasrepresentedinEnglandbyMill，whowasaccordinglythebuttofWard’ssharpestattacks。
IfWardthusexpressestheseminalprincipleofthemovement，Newmanwasthemostefficientleader。Newman，ashetellsusintheApologia，heldthreedoctrines：first，the’principleofdogma，’whichwasthe’fundamentalprinciple’ofthemovementof1833，andwastheantithesisof’liberalism’；secondly，theprinciple，impliedbythis，ofa’visiblechurch’；andthirdly，thedoctrinethatthePopewasantichrist。224*Thelast，ofcourse，vanished；butthetwoothersremainedandonlytookasharperforminhismind。ThehistoryofhisthoughtissimplythehistoryofhisgrowingconvictionthatthetrueauthoritywasthatofRome，notoftheAnglicanChurch。225*The’principleofdogma’isequivalenttothestatementthat’religionasaneresentiment’wastohim’adreamandamockery。’Theliberalprincipleappliedtotheologymeansthesubstitutionofvaguefeelingfordefinitetruth。Buttospeakabsolutelyofa’principleofauthority’istoraiseadifficulty。Tobelieveinauthorityistogroundmybeliefonthebeliefofsomeoneelse。
Thereforethequestionsremain：whydoestheauthoritybelieve，andwhyshouldIacceptitsbeliefasauthoritative？TheChurchmustbecompetenttojudge，andImustbeabletojudgeofitscompetence。
ThespecialanswergivenbyWardandNewmantothesepointsgivestheirtrueposition。Firstofallthedogmatists，agreeingsofarwiththeliberals，wereconvincedthattheordinaryopinionsofthedayledtoinfidelityortocompletescepticism。