John Stuart Mill

第40章

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第40章

John Stuart Mill Leslie Stephen

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John Stuart Mill
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  ’Responsibility,’indeed,alwaysimpliesliberty——theexistenceofaspherewithinwhichaman’sfortunesdependuponhispersonalcharacter,andhischaractershoulddeterminehisfortune。But,asMillcanmostclearlyrecognise,socialresponsibilitymeanssomethingmore。Onemost’certainincident’

  ofsocialprogressisthegrowthofco-operation,andthatinvolves,ashesays,the’subordinationofindividualcaprice’

  toa’preconceiveddetermination’andtheperformanceofpartsallottedina’combinedundertaking。’25*Theindividual,then,ispartofanorganisation,inwhicheveryindividualshouldplayhispart。Theover-centralisationwhichwouldcrushhimintoanautomatonisnotmorefatalthantheindividualindependencewhichwouldbeincompatiblewithorganisation。Thedesirable’responsibility’isnotthatofaRobinsonCrusoebutthatofthesoldierinanarmy。Itshouldbeenforcedbyothermotivesthanmereself-interest,foritaffectstheinterestsofthewholebodycorporate。NowMill,believingeventoexcessinthepowerofeducation,includedineducationthewholedisciplineoflifeduetotherelationsoftheindividualtohissocialenvironment;

  anditishisessentialprinciplethatthisforceshouldbedirectedtoenforcingasenseof’responsibility’inthewidestacceptationoftheword。

  V。POLITICALAPPLICATION

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