John Stuart Mill

第5章

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第5章

John Stuart Mill Leslie Stephen

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John Stuart Mill
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  Anotherpersonalreasonisthat,ashecomplainsratherbitterly,31*theRadicalsneverspokesoastosecurethesympathyoftheworkingclasses。Thispointstotherealdifficulty。Therewasagulfbetweenthemiddleandtheworkingclasses,aswellasbetweenthe,privileged,andthe’disqualified。’TherealaimofMill’sarticlesistoshowhowthisgulfcouldbesurmounted。Allthe,disqualified,mightbebroughtintolineifonlythephilosophicalRadicalscouldbegottoattracttheworkingclasses,andtheworkingclassestofollowtheRadicals。MillthereforeendeavourstoprovethattheRadicalmeasureswereinfactintendedforthebenefitoftheworkingclasses,andmightconsequentlybemadeattractive。Thepositionwasinfactpreciselythis。TheChartistagitationwasbecomingconspicuous,andtheChartistshadbrokenofffromtheRadicals。

  Millhadtopersuadethemthattheydidnotknowtheirtruefriends。Hissincerityandthewarmthofhissympathyareunmistakable,butsoisthedifficultyofthetask。

  Inthefirstplace,herepudiatesuniversalsuffrageoneofthesixpoints。Hethinksitbadinpointofpolicy,becausetoproposeitwouldalienatethewholemiddleclassatonce,whowouldseeinitadirectattackuponproperty。Butuniversalsuffragewasalsobadinitself,becausethemassoftheverylowestclasswasignorant,degraded,andutterlyunfitforpower。

  Theintelligentworkingmanoughttorecognisethefact,andthereforenottograntthesuffragetothelowestclass。What,then,wastobedone?Theanswer,givenemphaticallyinhislastarticle,isthatweshouldgovernfortheworkingclassesbymeansofthemiddleclasses。That,hesays,shouldbethemottoofeveryRadical。Theidealisagovernmentwhichshouldadoptsuchapolicyaswouldbeadoptedunderuniversalsuffrageinacountrywherethemasseswereeducatedsoastobefitforit。Inotherwords,thegreataimofRadicalsshouldbetoredresspracticalgrievances。

  Did,then,theRadicalplatformaimatsuchredress?Mill’sproofthatitdidissignificant。TheRadicalswereunanimousagainsttheCorn-laws;andtheCorn-laws,asheargues,32*

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