LEVIATHAN

第21章

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第21章

LEVIATHAN Thomas Hobbes

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LEVIATHAN
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  Therearefewthingsthatareincapableofbeingrepresentedbyfiction。Inanimatethings,asachurch,ahospital,abridge,maybepersonatedbyarector,master,oroverseer。Butthingsinanimatecannotbeauthors,northereforegiveauthoritytotheiractors:yettheactorsmayhaveauthoritytoprocuretheirmaintenance,giventhembythosethatareownersorgovernorsofthosethings。Andthereforesuchthingscannotbepersonatedbeforetherebesomestateofcivilgovernment。

  Likewisechildren,fools,andmadmenthathavenouseofreasonmaybepersonatedbyguardians,orcurators,butcanbenoauthorsduringthattimeofanyactiondonebythem,longerthanwhentheyshallrecovertheuseofreasontheyshalljudgethesamereasonable。

  Yetduringthefollyhethathathrightofgoverningthemmaygiveauthoritytotheguardian。Butthisagainhasnoplacebutinastatecivil,becausebeforesuchestatethereisnodominionofpersons。

  Anidol,ormerefigmentofthebrain,maybepersonated,aswerethegodsoftheheathen,which,bysuchofficersasthestateappointed,werepersonated,andheldpossessions,andothergoods,andrights,whichmenfromtimetotimededicatedandconsecrateduntothem。Butidolscannotbeauthors:foranidolisnothing。Theauthorityproceededfromthestate,andthereforebeforeintroductionofcivilgovernmentthegodsoftheheathencouldnotbepersonated。

  ThetrueGodmaybepersonated。AsHewas:first,Moses,whogovernedtheIsraelites,thatwerethatwerenothis,butGod’speople;notinhisownname,withhocdicitMoses,butinGod’sname,withhocdicitDominus。Secondly,bytheSonofMan,HisownSon,ourblessedSaviourJesusChrist,thatcametoreducetheJewsandinduceallnationsintothekingdomofhisFather;notasofhimself,butassentfromhisFather。Andthirdly,bytheHolyGhost,orComforter,speakingandworkingintheApostles;whichHolyGhostwasaComforterthatcamenotofhimself,butwassentandproceededfromthemboth。

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