Mesaticephalicskull，withwoundwhichhasbeentrepanned。
AtumulusintheGuissenycommuneFinistere，excavatedabouttwoyearsago，coveredoverasepulchralcrypt。Atthesoutheasternextremitywaspickedupabadlybakedhand-madeearthenwarevasewithfourhandles。Besidethevaselayaskull，onwhichcouldbemadeouttracesofoxidation，whichhadprobablybeencausedbythewearingofametalband，whichhasnotbeenfound。Thisskullbearsontherightsidealittleovalholewithcicatrizededgesaboutaninchlongbytwofifthsofaninchbroad。Thediscoveryofabronzedaggerandtwobronzeplaquesleavesnodoubtastotheageofthistumulus。ThisexampleoftrepanationistheonlywellauthenticatedoneofwhichIknowinBrittany。ItistrueoneskullhasbeenmentionedasfoundbeneaththemegalithicmonumentofSaint-PicouxdeQuiberonMorbihan，whichisevensaidtobearmarksofsawingandscrapingmadeinattemptingtrepanation，butthisfacthasbeenverymuchquestioned，andthedateatwhichthetrepanationwasperformed，ifperformeditwere，isverydoubtful。[192]Theproofweareseekingoftheantiquityoftheoperationoftrepanationisnotthereforetobefoundhere。
OnaplainamongstthehillsoftherightbankoftheSeine，aboveParis，risesamoundresemblingapromontorywhichisknownastheGuerinmound，andconsistsofavastdepositofchalkwhichwasexcavatedlongago。Successiveoperationshavebroughttolighteightcaves，mostofwhichcontainedanumberofhumanremains，whichwereunfortunatelydispersedwithouthavingbeenscientificallyexamined。Onealone，openedin1874，containednumerousbonesbelongingtoindividualsofeveryageandofbothsexes，withpolishedflints，fragmentsofpottery，andimplementsofstag-horn。Amongsttheserelicswasfoundtheskullofanoldmanshowingaverycuriousexampleoftrepanation。Itwasunfortunatelybrokenbytheworkmenintheverymomentofdiscovery，andcouldonlybeveryinsufficientlyexamined。Otherexamples，however，whichcouldbeproperlyauthenticated，arenotwantingfromthebanksoftheSeineandMarne；twofragmentsofskullwerefoundinthecantonofMoret，oneofwhichhadbeentrepannedduringthelifeofitsowner，andtheotherafterdeath。WemustalsomentionthecraniapresentedtothelearnedsocietiesattheSorbonne，oneofwhichcamefromtheplateauofAvrigny，nearMousseaux-les-BraySeine-et-Marne。Sidebysidewiththeskeletonlaypolishedhatchets，scrapers，andarrow-heads，fragmentsofpotteryblackenedbysmoke，andlastlyasolitaryboneofanox，piercedwiththreeholesatregulardistances，whichhadprobablybeenusedasaflute。Ofninecraniafoundinthisexcavationthreewerepierced，twoafterdeathandoneduringlife，theedgesofthelastnamedbearingveryevidenttracesoftreatment。
AtrepannedskullwasalsodiscoveredinaNeolithicsepulchrenearCrecy-sur-Morin，wherelaynolessthanthirtyskeletons，remarkableforthestronglydefinedsectionofthetibiae，whilstaroundwerestrewnhatchets，flintknives，bones，stilettosandpicksofsiliceouslimestonewithhandlesmadeofpiecesofstag-horn。Thetomb，builtofstoneswithoutmortar，containedtwocontiguouschambersseparatedbyawall，andcoveredoverbyastoneweighingmorethan1，200tons。Itseemslikelythatthishugestonehadnotbeenmoved——itmusthavebeenbeyondthestrengthofthemakersofthetombtoliftit，——butthatthespacesbeneath，inwhichthedeadhadbeenplaced，hadbeenmerelyhollowedout。InthecoveredAVENUEDESMUREAUX，ofwhichIhavealreadyspoken，werepickedupseveraltrepannedcrania。Thetools，scrapers，andpiercers，whichhadprobablybeenusedfortheoperation，laynearthecrania。
ANeolithicsepulchrecontainingthreetrepannedcraniawasopenedatDampont，nearDieppe。Theoperationhadbeenasneatlyexecutedasifithadbeenperformedbyoneofourmostdistinguishedsurgeons。AsatCrecy，thesepulchralcryptwasdividedintotwochambers，andtheslabbetweenthemwaspiercedwithasquareopening，[193]——afreshexampleofthecuriouspracticeofmakingopenings，ofwhichwehavespokenintreatingofsomanydifferentregions，oftenapparentlycompletelycutofffromcommunicationwitheachother。