conclusionwhichIanticipatedinBooki。chap。v。:thatinthisonedepartmentofourmoralconsciousnesstheideaofFreeWillseemsinvolvedinapeculiarwayinthemoralideasofCommonSense，sinceifitiseliminatedtheimportantnotionsofDesertorMeritandJusticerequirematerialmodification。[2]
Atthesametime，thedifferencebetweenDeterministandLibertarianJusticecanhardlyhaveanypracticaleffect。Forinanycaseitdoesnotseempossibletoseparateinpracticethatpartofaman’sachievementwhichisduestrictlytohisfreechoicefromthatpartwhichisduetotheoriginalgiftofnatureandtofavouringcircumstances:sothatwemustnecessarilyleavetoprovidencetherealisationofwhatweconceiveasthetheoreticalidealofJustice，andcontentourselveswithtryingtorewardvoluntaryactionsinproportiontotheworthoftheservicesintentionallyrenderedbythem。
If，then，wetakeastheprincipleofidealjustice，sofarasthiscanbepracticallyaimedatinhumansociety，therequitalofvoluntaryservicesinproportiontotheirworth，itremainsto，consideronwhatprincipleorprinciplesthecomparativeworthofdifferentservicesistoberationallyestimated。Thereisnodoubtthatwecommonlyassumesuchanestimatetobepossible；forwecontinuallyspeakofthe`fair’
or`proper’priceofanykindofservicesassomethinggenerallyknown，andcondemnthedemandformorethanthisasextortionate。ItmaybesaidthatthenotionofFairnessorEquitywhichweordinarilyapplyinsuchjudgmentsistobedistinguishedfromthatofJustice；EquitybeinginfactoftencontrastedwithstrictJustice，andconceivedascapableofcomingintocollisionwithit。Andthisispartlytrue:butIthinkthewiderandnolessusualsenseofthetermJustice，inwhichitincludesEquityorFairness，istheonlyonethatcanbeconvenientlyadoptedinanethicaltreatise:forinanycasewhereEquitycomesintoconflictwithstrictjustice，itsdictatesareheldtobeinahighersensejust，andwhatoughttobeultimatelycarriedintoeffectinthecaseconsidered——thoughnot，perhaps，bytheadministratorsoflaw。ItreatEquity，therefore，asaspeciesofJustice；thoughnotingthattheformertermismoreordinarilyusedincaseswherethedefinitenessattainableisrecognisedassomewhatlessthaninordinarycasesofrightfulclaimsarisingoutoflaworcontract。
Onwhatprinciple，then，canwedeterminethe``fair’’or``equitable’’