oursoleconcernatpresentiswithobjectionstendingtoshowtheintrinsicimpracticabilityofHedonismasarationalmethod。
Wearemet,inthefirstplace,byanobjectionwhich,ifvalidatall,mustbeadmittedtobedecisive。IthasbeenaffirmedbyGreenthat``pleasureasfeeling,indistinctionfromitsconditionsthatarenotfeelings,cannotbeconceived’’。Ifso,RationalHedonismwouldcertainlybeimpossible:
butthepropositionseemsequallyopposedtocommonsense,andtotheuniversalassumptionofempiricalpsychologists;who,ininvestigatingelaboratelyandsystematicallytheconditions,mentalandphysical,ofpleasureandpain,necessarilyassumethatthesefeelingscanbedistinguishedinthoughtfromtheir``conditionswhicharenotfeelings’’。IalsofindthatthewriterhimselffromwhomIhavequoted,inalatertreatise,conductslongargumentsrespectingpleasurewhichareonlyintelligibleifthedistinctionbetweenpleasureanditsconditionsisthoroughlygraspedandsteadilycontemplated。Indeedhecarriesadistinctionofthiskindtoanextremepointofsubtlety;asberequiresustodistinguishthe``self-satisfactionsoughtinalldesirethatamountstowill’’fromthe``pleasure’’that``thereisinallself-satisfactionifattained’’:whereasothermoralistsregardself-satisfactionasaspeciesofpleasure。Tomaintainthatwecandistinguishpleasurefromself-satisfactionandcannotdistinguishitfromitsconditions,seemstometooviolentaparadoxtoneedrefutation。
ItispossiblethatGreenmayonlymeanthatpleasurecannotbethoughttoexistapartfromconditionswhicharenotfeelings,andthatitnecessarilyvarieswithanyvariationinitsconditions。ThestatementthusinterpretedIdonotdeny:butitisquiteirrelevanttothequestionwhetherpleasurecanbeestimatedseparatelyfromitsconditions,orwhetherpleasuresreceivedunderdifferentconditionscanbequantitativelycompared。Icannothavethepleasureofwitnessingatragedyorthepleasureofwitnessingafarce,withouthavingalongwitheitheracomplexofinnumerablethoughtsandimages,verydiverseinqualityinthetwocases:butthisdoesnotpreventmefromdecidingconfidentlywhetherthetragedyorthefarcewillaffordmemostpleasureonthewhole。
passtoanotherobjectionmadebythesamewritertotheHedonisticconceptionofthesupremeendofactionas``thegreatestpossiblesumofpleasures’’。