Itremainstoconsiderbywhatstandardthevalueofconductorcharacter，thusintuitivelyjudgedtobegoodinitself，istobeco-ordinatedandcomparedwiththatofothergoodthings。Ishallnotnowattempttoestablishsuchastandard；butalittlereflectionmayenableustolimitconsiderablytherangeofcomparisonforwhichitisrequired。ForIthinkthatifweconsidercarefullysuchpermanentresultsasarecommonlyjudgedtobegood，otherthanqualitiesofhumanbeings，wecanfindnothingthat，onreflection，appearstopossessthisqualityofgoodnessoutofrelationtohumanexistence，oratleasttosomeconsciousnessorfeelingForexample，wecommonlyjudgesomeinanimateobjects，scenes，etc。tobegoodaspossessingbeauty，andothersbadfromugliness:
stillnoonewouldconsideritrationaltoaimattheproductionofbeautyinexternalnature，apartfromanypossiblecontemplationofitbyhumanbeings。Infactwhenbeautyismaintainedtobeobjective，itisnotcommonlymeantthatitexistsasbeautyoutofrelationtoanymindwhatsoever:
butonlythatthereissomestandardofbeautyvalidforallminds。
Itmay，however，besaidthatbeautyandotherresultscommonlyjudgedtobegood，thoughwedonotconceivethemtoexistoutofrelationtohumanbeingsoratleastmindsofsomekind，areyetsofarseparableasendsfromthehumanbeingsonwhomtheirexistencedepends，thattheirrealisationmayconceivablycomeintocompetitionwiththeperfectionorhappinessofthesebeings。Thus，thoughbeautifulthingscannotbethoughtworthproducingexceptaspossibleobjectsofcontemplation，stillamanmaydevotehimselftotheirproductionwithoutanyconsiderationofthepersonswhoaretocontemplatethem。Similarlyknowledgeisagoodwhichcannotexistexceptinminds；andyetonemaybemoreinterestedinthedevelopmentofknowledgethaninitspossessionbyanyparticularminds；andmaytaketheformerasanultimateendwithoutregardingthelatter。
Still，assoonasthealternativesareclearlyapprehended，itwill，Ithink，begenerallyheldthatbeauty，knowledge，andotheridealgoods，aswellasallexternalmaterialthings，areonlyreasonablytobesoughtbymeninsofarastheyconduceeither1toHappinessor2tothePerfectionorExcellenceofhumanexistence。I