252。THETOTALSOCIALDEVELOPMENT。THEPRESENTSITUATION
Havingthusoutlinedingeneraltherelationbetweenclassdominanceandconstitutionaldevelopment，itremainsbrieflytocharacterizethewholecourseofsocialdevelopment，andtoglanceatpresentstrugglesandtheirprobableconsequences：
a）Astothefirst，wehavethesocialisticoptimistichopeforthedisappearanceofallclassantithesesoveragainstthepessimistictheorywhichfindsinhistoryonlyaprogressiveintensificationofclasscontrasts，Thesocialisticideapresupposesadisappearanceofalldivisionsoflaborandoccupation，ofalldifferencesofrace，talents，capabilities，ofabolitionofcityandcountry，awipingoutofallthemorehighlyendowedaswellasthedisappearanceofallrawandminorforces，with，sofaraspossible，afuturebreedingsystemwhichwillproducewhollylikehumanbeingsofamediocretype。Wecannotseewheretheprogresswouldcomeinhere，andstilllesshowandthroughwhatsortofcausesandinstitutionswecouldevercometosuchacondition。
Ontheotherhandthereisnohistoricalconfirmationoftheideaofaconstantlyincreasingdiversityofclasses。Ifthecontrarywerethecase，thelowerclassesinmodernstateswouldhavetobeontheleveloftheAustraliansortheFuegians。Membersofthesamefolk，ofthesamefamilyofpeoples，alwaysreactupononeanotherbymixtureofblood，language，byotherspiritualandphysicalcontacts，andbyimitation。Muchasindividualsandwholeclassesoccasionallyriseandassertthemselvesasanaristocracy，presentlythereisalwaysariseofthemiddleandlowerclasses，aprocessofequalization。Thetwotendenciessometimesmakethemselvesfeltsimultaneously，butasaruleonefollowstheother，atleastatthehighestpowerofeach。
Eachisthenecessaryconsequenceofpsychologicalandsocietarycauses。