Commentaries on the Constitution of US

第35章

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第35章

Commentaries on the Constitution of US Joseph Story

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Commentaries on the Constitution of US
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  §1215。Andyetthisclausedidnotescapethecommonfateofmostofthepowersofthenationalgovernment。Itwasrepresented,aspeculiarlydangerous。Itmay,itwassaid,becomeasoftofpublicsanctuary,withexclusiveprivilegesandimmunitiesofeverysort。Itmaybetheveryspotfortheestablishmentoftyranny,midofrefugeoftheoppressorsofthepeople。Theinhabitantswillbeanswerabletonolaws,exceptthoseofcongress。Apowerfularmymaybeherekeptonfoot;andthemostoppressiveandsanguinarylawsmaybepassedtogovernthedistrict。5Nay,atthedistanceoffourteenyearsaftertheconstitutionhadquietlygoneintooperation,andthispowerhadbeenacteduponwithamoderation,ascommendable,asitoughttobesatisfactory,alearnedcommentatorexpressedregretattheextentofthepower,andintimatedinnoinexplicittermshisfearsforthefuture。\"Asystemoflaws,\"sayshe,\"incompatiblewiththenatureandprinciplesofarepresentativedemocracy,thoughnotlikelytobeintroducedatonce,maybematuredbydegrees,anddiffuseitsinfluencethroughthestates,andfinallylaythefoundationofthemostimportantchangesinthenatureofthefederalgovernment。Letforeignersbeenabledtoholdlands,andtransmitthembyinheritance,ordevise;letthepreferencetomales,andtherightsorprimogenitureherevivedwiththedoctrineofentails;andaristocracywillneitherwantaladdertoclimbby,norabaseforitssupport。6\"

  §1216。Whatasuperstructuretobeerectedonsuchanarrowfoundation!Severalorthestatesnowpermitforeignerstoholdandtransmitlands;andyettheirlibertiesarenotoverwhelmed。

  ThewholeSouth,beforetherevolution,allowedandcherishedthesystemofprimogeniture;andyettheypossessed,andtransmittedtotheirchildrentheircolonialrightsandprivileges,andachievedunderthisverysystemtheindependenceofthecountry。Thesystemofentailsisstillthelawofseveralofthestates;andyetnodangerhasyetassailedthem。Theypossess,andenjoythefruitsofrepublicanindustryandfrugality,withoutanylandedorotheraristocracy。Andyetthepettydistrictoftenmilessquareistooverruleinitspolicyandlegislationall,thatisvenerableandadmirableinstatelegislation!Thestates,andthepeopleofthestatesarerepresentedincongress。Thedistricthasnorepresentativesthere;

  butissubjectedtotheexclusivelegislationoftheformer。Andyetcongress,athomerepublican,willherenourisharistocracy。Thestateswillherelaythefoundationforthedestructionoftheirowninstitutions,rights,andsovereignty。Athome,theywillfollowthelegislationofthedistrict,insteadofguidingitbytheirpreceptandexample。Theywillchoosetobetheenginesoftyrannyandoppressioninthedistrict,thattheymaybecomeenslavedwithintheirownterritorialsovereignty。What,butadispositiontoindulgeinallsortsofdelusionsandalarms,couldcreatesuchextraordinaryflightsofimagination?Cansuchthingsbe,andovercomeus,likeasummer’scloud,withoutourspecialwonder?Atthisdistanceoftime,itseemswhollyunnecessarytorefutethesuggestions,whichhavebeensoingeniouslyurged。

  Iftheyproveanything,theyprove,thatthereoughttobenogovernment,becausenopersonscanbefoundworthyofthetrust。

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