Allthisdoesnotsufficetorenderthisorderdetrimentalorevenuseless。Inreality，thelocalchiefwhonolongerperformshisancientservicemayperformanewoneinexchangeforit。Institutedforwarwhenlifewasmilitant，hemayserveinquiettimeswhentherégimeispacific，whiletheadvantagetothenationisgreatinwhichthistransformationisaccomplished；for，retainingitschiefs，itisrelievedoftheuncertainandperilousoperationwhichconsistsincreatingothers。Thereisnothingmoredifficulttoestablishthanagovernment，thatistosay，astablegovernment:thisinvolvesthecommandofsomeandtheobedienceofall，whichisagainstnature。
Thatamaninhisstudy，oftenafeebleoldperson，shoulddisposeofthelivesandpropertyoftwentyorthirtymillionmen，mostofwhomhehasneverseen；thatheshouldorderthemtopayawayatenthorafifthoftheirincomeandtheyshoulddoit；thatheshouldorderthemtogoandslaughterorbeslaughteredandthattheyshouldgo；thattheyshouldthuscontinuefortenyears，twentyyears，througheverykindoftrial，defeat，miseryandinvasion，aswiththeFrenchunderLouisXIV，theEnglishunderPitt，thePrussiansunderFrederickII。，withouteitherseditionorinternaldisturbances，iscertainlyamarvelousthing。And，forapeopletoremainfreeitisessentialthattheyshouldbereadytodothisalways。Neitherthisfidelitynorthisconcordisduetosoberreflection（laraisonraisonnante）；reasonistoovacillatingandtoofeebletobringaboutsuchauniversalandenergeticresult。Abandonedtoitselfandsuddenlyrestoredtoanaturalcondition，thehumanflockiscapableonlyofagitation，ofmutualstrifeuntilpureforceatlengthpredominates，asinbarbaroustimes，anduntil，amidstthedustandoutcry，somemilitaryleaderrisesupwhois，generally，abutcher。Historicallyconsidereditisbettertocontinuesothantobeginoveragain。Hence，especiallywhenthemajorityisuncultivated，itisbeneficialtohavechiefsdesignatedbeforehandthroughthehereditarycustombywhichpeoplefollowthem，andthroughthespecialeducationbywhichtheyarequalified。Inthiscasethepublichasnoneedtoseekforthemtoobtainthem。Theyarealreadyathand，ineachcanton，visible，acceptedbeforehand；theyareknownbytheirnames，theirtitle，theirfortune，theirwayofliving；deferencetotheirauthorityisestablished。Theyarealmostalwaysdeservingofthisauthority；bornandbroughtuptoexerciseittheyfindintradition，infamilyexampleandinfamilypride，powerfultiesthatnourishpublicspiritinthem；thereissomeprobabilityoftheircomprehendingthedutieswithwhichtheirprerogativeendowsthem。
Suchistherenovation，whichthefeudalrégimeadmitsof。Theancientchieftaincanstillguaranteehispre—eminencebyhisservices，andremainpopularwithoutceasingtobeprivileged。Onceacaptaininhisdistrictandapermanentgendarme，heistobecometheresidentandbeneficentproprietor，thevoluntarypromoterofusefulundertakings，obligatoryguardianofthepoor，thegratuitousadministratorandjudgeofthecanton，theunsalarieddeputyoftheking，thatistosay，aleaderandprotectoraspreviously，throughanewsystemofpatronageaccommodatedtonewcircumstances。Localmagistrateandcentralrepresentative，thesearehistwoprincipalfunctions，and，ifweextendourobservationbeyondFrancewefindthatheexerciseseitheroneortheother，orbothtogether。
Notes:
[1]。Seenote1attheendofthevolume[2]。Oneleague（lieu）ca。4km。（SR。）