PopeUrbanIIIreiteratedthedeclarationthatthepassageinSt。
Lukeforbadethetakingofanyinterestwhatever。PopeAlexanderIIIdeclaredthattheprohibitioninthismattercouldneverbesuspendedbydispensation。
InthethirteenthcenturyPopeGregoryIXdealtanespeciallysevereblowatcommercebyhisdeclarationthateventoadvanceoninterestthemoneynecessaryinmaritimetradewasdamnableusury；andthiswasfitlyfollowedbyGregoryX，whoforbadeChristianburialtothoseguiltyofthispractice；theCouncilofLyonsmetedoutthesamepenalty。Thisideawasstillmorefirmlyfastenedupontheworldbythetwogreatestthinkersofthetime：first，bySt。ThomasAquinas，whoknititintothemindoftheChurchbytheuseoftheScripturesandofAristotle；andnextbyDante，whopicturedmoney-lendersinoneoftheworstregionsofhell。
Aboutthebeginningofthefourteenthcenturythe“SubtileDoctor“oftheMiddleAges，DunsScotus，gavetotheworldanexquisitepieceofreasoninginevasionoftheaccepteddoctrine；
butalltonopurpose：theCouncilofVienne，presidedoverbyPopeClementV，declaredthatifanyone“shallpertinaciouslypresumetoaffirmthatthetakingofinterestformoneyisnotasin，wedecreehimtobeaheretic，fitforpunishment。”ThisinfallibleutteranceboundthedogmawithadditionalforceontheconscienceoftheuniversalChurch。