herewehaveaneruptionrelievingandtakingtheplaceofanearthquake，aswouldhavehappenedatConcepcion，accordingtothebeliefofthelowerorders，ifthevolcanoatAntucohadnotbeenclosedbywitchcraft。Twoyearsandthree-quartersafterwards，ValdiviaandChiloewereagainshaken，moreviolentlythanonthe20th，andanislandintheChonosArchipelagowaspermanentlyelevatedmorethaneightfeet。Itwillgiveabetterideaofthescaleofthesephenomena，ifasinthecaseoftheglacierswesupposethemtohavetakenplaceatcorrespondingdistancesinEurope：——
thenwouldthelandfromtheNorthSeatotheMediterraneanhavebeenviolentlyshaken，andatthesameinstantoftimealargetractoftheeasterncoastofEnglandwouldhavebeenpermanentlyelevated，togetherwithsomeoutlyingislands，——atrainofvolcanosonthecoastofHollandwouldhaveburstforthinaction，andaneruptiontakenplaceatthebottomofthesea，nearthenorthernextremityofIreland——andlastly，theancientventsofAuvergne，Cantal，andMontd’Orwouldeachhavesentuptotheskyadarkcolumnofsmoke，andhavelongremainedinfierceaction。Twoyearsandthree-quartersafterwards，France，fromitscentretotheEnglishChannel，wouldhavebeenagaindesolatedbyanearthquakeandanislandpermanentlyupraisedintheMediterranean。
Thespace，fromunderwhichvolcanicmatteronthe20thwasactuallyerupted，is720milesinoneline，and400milesinanotherlineatrightanglestothefirst：hence，inallprobability，asubterraneanlakeoflavaisherestretchedout，ofnearlydoubletheareaoftheBlackSea。
Fromtheintimateandcomplicatedmannerinwhichtheelevatoryanderuptiveforceswereshowntobeconnectedduringthistrainofphenomena，wemayconfidentlycometotheconclusion，thattheforceswhichslowlyandbylittlestartsupliftcontinents，andthosewhichatsuccessiveperiodspourforthvolcanicmatterfromopenorifices，areidentical。Frommanyreasons，Ibelievethatthefrequentquakingsoftheearthonthislineofcoastarecausedbytherendingofthestrata，necessarilyconsequentonthetensionofthelandwhenupraised，andtheirinjectionbyfluidifiedrock。Thisrendingandinjectionwould，ifrepeatedoftenenoughandweknowthatearthquakesrepeatedlyaffectthesameareasinthesamemanner，formachainofhills；——andthelinearislandofS。Mary，whichwasupraisedthricetheheightoftheneighbouringcountry，seemstobeundergoingthisprocess。Ibelievethatthesolidaxisofamountain，differsinitsmannerofformationfromavolcanichill，onlyinthemoltenstonehavingbeenrepeatedlyinjected，insteadofhavingbeenrepeatedlyejected。Moreover，Ibelievethatitisimpossibletoexplainthestructureofgreatmountain-chains，suchasthatoftheCordillera，werethestrata，cappingtheinjectedaxisofplutonicrock，havebeenthrownontheiredgesalongseveralparallelandneighbouringlinesofelevation，exceptonthisviewoftherockoftheaxishavingbeenrepeatedlyinjected，afterintervalssufficientlylongtoallowtheupperpartsorwedgestocoolandbecomesolid；——forifthestratahadbeenthrownintotheirpresenthighlyinclined，vertical，andeveninvertedpositions，byasingleblow，theverybowelsoftheearthwouldhavegushedout；andinsteadofbeholdingabruptmountain-axesofrocksolidifiedundergreatpressure，delugesoflavawouldhaveflowedoutatinnumerablepointsoneverylineofelevation。[2][1]M。AragoinL’Institut，1839，p。337。SeealsoMiers’sChile，vol。i。p。392；alsoLyell’sPrinciplesofGeology，chap。
xv。，bookii。