The Varieties of Religious Experience

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第77章

The Varieties of Religious Experience William James

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The Varieties of Religious Experience
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  Yet,Irepeatoncemore,theexistenceofmysticalstatesabsolutelyoverthrowsthepretensionofnon-mysticalstatestobethesoleandultimatedictatorsofwhatwemaybelieve。Asarule,mysticalstatesmerelyaddasupersensuousmeaningtotheordinaryoutwarddataofconsciousness。Theyareexcitementsliketheemotionsofloveorambition,giftstoourspiritbymeansofwhichfactsalreadyobjectivelybeforeusfallintoanewexpressivenessandmakeanewconnectionwithouractivelife。Theydonotcontradictthesefactsassuch,ordenyanythingthatoursenseshaveimmediatelyseized。[287]Itistherationalisticcriticratherwhoplaysthepartofdenierinthecontroversy,andhisdenialshavenostrength,fortherenevercanbeastateoffactstowhichnewmeaningmaynottruthfullybeadded,providedthemindascendtoamoreenvelopingpointofview。Itmustalwaysremainanopenquestionwhethermysticalstatesmaynotpossiblybesuchsuperiorpointsofview,windowsthroughwhichthemindlooksoutuponamoreextensiveandinclusiveworld。Thedifferenceoftheviewsseenfromthedifferentmysticalwindowsneednotpreventusfromentertainingthissupposition。Thewiderworldwouldinthatcaseprovetohaveamixedconstitutionlikethatofthisworld,thatisall。

  Itwouldhaveitscelestialanditsinfernalregions,itstemptinganditssavingmoments,itsvalidexperiencesanditscounterfeitones,justasourworldhasthem;butitwouldbeawiderworldallthesame。Weshouldhavetouseitsexperiencesbyselectingandsubordinatingandsubstitutingjustasisourcustominthisordinarynaturalisticworld;weshouldbeliabletoerrorjustaswearenow;yetthecountinginofthatwiderworldofmeanings,andtheseriousdealingwithit,might,inspiteofalltheperplexity,beindispensablestagesinourapproachtothefinalfullnessofthetruth。

  Theysometimesaddsubjectiveauditaetvisatothefacts,butastheseareusuallyinterpretedastransmundane,theyobligenoalterationinthefactsofsense。

  Inthisshape,Ithink,wehavetoleavethesubject。Mysticalstatesindeedwieldnoauthorityduesimplytotheirbeingmysticalstates。Butthehigheronesamongthempointindirectionstowhichthereligioussentimentsevenofnon-

  mysticalmenincline。Theytellofthesupremacyoftheideal,ofvastness,ofunion,ofsafety,andofrest。TheyofferusHYPOTHESES,hypotheseswhichwemayvoluntarilyignore,butwhichasthinkerswecannotpossiblyupset。Thesupernaturalismandoptimismtowhichtheywouldpersuadeusmay,interpretedinonewayoranother,beafterallthetruestofinsightsintothemeaningofthislife。

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