The Varieties of Religious Experience

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第58章

The Varieties of Religious Experience William James

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The Varieties of Religious Experience
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  Thepsychologicalreasonsforthislienearthesurface。Whenwedropabstractionsandtakewhatwecallourwillintheact,weseethatitisaverycomplexfunction。Itinvolvesbothstimulationsandinhibitions;itfollowsgeneralizedhabits;itisescortedbyreflectivecriticisms;anditleavesagoodorabadtasteofitselfbehind,accordingtothemanneroftheperformance。Theresultisthat,quiteapartfromtheimmediatepleasurewhichanysensibleexperiencemaygiveus,ourowngeneralmoralattitudeinprocuringorundergoingtheexperiencebringswithitasecondarysatisfactionordistaste。Somemenandwomen,indeed,therearewhocanliveonsmilesandtheword“yes“forever。Butforothersindeedformost,thisistootepidandrelaxedamoralclimate。Passivehappinessisslackandinsipid,andsoongrowsmawkishandintolerable。Someausterityandwintrynegativity,someroughness,danger,stringency,andeffort,some“no!no!”mustbemixedin,toproducethesenseofanexistencewithcharacterandtextureandpower。Therangeofindividualdifferencesinthisrespectisenormous;butwhateverthemixtureofyesesandnoesmaybe,thepersonisinfalliblyawarewhenhehasstruckitintherightproportionFORHIM。This,hefeels,ismypropervocation,thisistheOPTIMUM,thelaw,thelifeformetolive。HereIfindthedegreeofequilibrium,safety,calm,andleisurewhichI

  need,orhereIfindthechallenge,passion,fight,andhardshipwithoutwhichmysoul’senergyexpires。

  Everyindividualsoul,inshort,likeeveryindividualmachineororganism,hasitsownbestconditionsofefficiency。Agivenmachinewillrunbestunderacertainsteam-pressure,acertainamperage;anorganismunderacertaindiet,weight,orexercise。

  Youseemtodobest,Iheardadoctorsaytoapatient,atabout140millimetersofarterialtension。Anditisjustsowithoursundrysouls:somearehappiestincalmweather;someneedthesenseoftension,ofstrongvolition,tomakethemfeelaliveandwell。Fortheselattersouls,whateverisgainedfromdaytodaymustbepaidforbysacrificeandinhibition,orelseitcomestoocheapandhasnozest。

  Nowwhencharactersofthislattersortbecomereligious,theyareapttoturntheedgeoftheirneedofeffortandnegativityagainsttheirnaturalself;andtheasceticlifegetsevolvedasaconsequence。

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