The Varieties of Religious Experience

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第36章

The Varieties of Religious Experience William James

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The Varieties of Religious Experience
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  CompareLotze’sdoctrinethattheonlymeaningwecanattachtothenotionofathingasitis“initself“isbyconceivingitasitisFORitself,i。e。,asapieceoffullexperiencewithaprivatesenseof“pinch“orinneractivityofsomesortgoingwithit。

  Ifthisbetrue,itisabsurdforsciencetosaythattheegotisticelementsofexperienceshouldbesuppressed。Theaxisofrealityrunssolelythroughtheegotisticplaces——theyarestrunguponitlikesomanybeads。Todescribetheworldwithallthevariousfeelingsoftheindividualpinchofdestiny,allthevariousspiritualattitudes,leftoutfromthedescription——theybeingasdescribableasanythingelse——wouldbesomethinglikeofferingaprintedbilloffareastheequivalentforasolidmeal。Religionmakesnosuchblunder。

  Theindividual’sreligionmaybeegotistic,andthoseprivaterealitieswhichitkeepsintouchwithmaybenarrowenough;butatanyrateitalwaysremainsinfinitelylesshollowandabstract,asfarasitgoes,thanasciencewhichpridesitselfontakingnoaccountofanythingprivateatall。

  Abilloffarewithonerealraisinonitinsteadoftheword“raisin。”withonerealegginsteadoftheword“egg。”mightbeaninadequatemeal,butitwouldatleastbeacommencementofreality。Thecontentionofthesurvival-theorythatweoughttosticktonon-personalelementsexclusivelyseemslikesayingthatweoughttobesatisfiedforeverwithreadingthenakedbilloffare。Ithink,therefore,thathoweverparticularquestionsconnectedwithourindividualdestiniesmaybeanswered,itisonlybyacknowledgingthemasgenuinequestions,andlivinginthesphereofthoughtwhichtheyopenup,thatwebecomeprofound。Buttolivethusistobereligious;soI

  unhesitatinglyrepudiatethesurvival-theoryofreligion,asbeingfoundedonanegregiousmistake。Itdoesnotfollow,becauseourancestorsmadesomanyerrorsoffactandmixedthemwiththeirreligion,thatweshouldthereforeleaveoffbeingreligiousatall。[337]Bybeingreligiousweestablishourselvesinpossessionofultimaterealityattheonlypointsatwhichrealityisgivenustoguard。Ourresponsibleconcerniswithourprivatedestiny,afterall。

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