The Varieties of Religious Experience

第34章

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第34章

The Varieties of Religious Experience William James

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The Varieties of Religious Experience
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  mustbeallowedtobethegodforonekindofperson,agodofpeaceandheavenandhome,thegodforanother。Wemustfranklyrecognizethefactthatweliveinpartialsystems,andthatpartsarenotinterchangeableinthespirituallife。Ifwearepeevishandjealous,destructionoftheselfmustbeanelementofourreligion;whyneeditbeoneifwearegoodandsympatheticfromtheoutset?Ifwearesicksouls,werequireareligionofdeliverance;butwhythinksomuchofdeliverance,ifwearehealthy-minded?[331]Unquestionably,somemenhavethecompleterexperienceandthehighervocation,herejustasinthesocialworld;butforeachmantostayinhisownexperience,whate’eritbe,andforotherstotoleratehimthere,issurelybest。

  [331]Fromthispointofview,thecontrastsbetweenthehealthyandthemorbidmind,andbetweentheonce-bornandthetwice-borntypes,ofwhichIspokeinearlierlecturesseepp。159-164,ceasetobetheradicalantagonismswhichmanythinkthem。Thetwice-bornlookdownupontherectilinearconsciousnessoflifeoftheonce-bornasbeing“meremorality。”andnotproperlyreligion。“Dr。Channing。”anorthodoxministerisreportedtohavesaid,“isexcludedfromthehighestformofreligiouslifebytheextraordinaryrectitudeofhischaracter。”Itisindeedtruethattheoutlookuponlifeofthetwice-born——holdingasitdoesmoreoftheelementofevilinsolution——isthewiderandcompleter。The“heroic“or“solemn“wayinwhichlifecomestothemisa“highersynthesis“intowhichhealthy-mindednessandmorbidnessbothenterandcombine。Evilisnotevaded,butsublatedinthehigherreligiouscheerofthesepersonsseepp。

  47-52,354-357。Butthefinalconsciousnesswhicheachtypereachesofunionwiththedivinehasthesamepracticalsignificancefortheindividual;andindividualsmaywellbeallowedtogettoitbythechannelswhichliemostopentotheirseveraltemperaments。InthecaseswhichwerequotedinLectureIV,ofthemind-cureformofhealthy-mindedness,wefoundabundantexamplesofregenerativeprocess。Theseverityofthecrisisinthisprocessisamatterofdegree。Howlongoneshallcontinuetodrinktheconsciousnessofevil,andwhenoneshallbegintoshort-circuitandgetridofit,arealsomattersofamountanddegree,sothatinmanyinstancesitisquitearbitrarywhetherweclasstheindividualasaonce-bornoratwice-bornsubject。

  But,youmaynowask,wouldnotthisone-sidednessbecuredifweshouldallespousethescienceofreligionsasourownreligion?

  InansweringthisquestionImustopenagainthegeneralrelationsofthetheoretictotheactivelife。

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