The Varieties of Religious Experience

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第28章

The Varieties of Religious Experience William James

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The Varieties of Religious Experience
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  naturalistmustbethevilesttypeofwretchunderthesun。Butsurelythesystematictheologiansarethecloset-naturalistsofthedeity,eveninCaptainMayneReid’ssense。Whatistheirdeductionofmetaphysicalattributesbutashufflingandmatchingofpedanticdictionary-adjectives,alooffrommorals,alooffromhumanneeds,somethingthatmightbeworkedoutfromthemereword“God“byoneofthoselogicalmachinesofwoodandbrasswhichrecentingenuityhascontrivedaswellasbyamanoffleshandblood。Theyhavethetrailoftheserpentoverthem。Onefeelsthatinthetheologians’hands,theyareonlyasetoftitlesobtainedbyamechanicalmanipulationofsynonyms;

  verbalityhassteppedintotheplaceofvision,professionalismintothatoflife。Insteadofbreadwehaveastone;insteadofafish,aserpent。Didsuchaconglomerationofabstracttermsgivereallythegistofourknowledgeofthedeity,schoolsoftheologymightindeedcontinuetoflourish,butreligion,vitalreligion,wouldhavetakenitsflightfromthisworld。Whatkeepsreligiongoingissomethingelsethanabstractdefinitionsandsystemsofconcatenatedadjectives,andsomethingdifferentfromfacultiesoftheologyandtheirprofessors。Allthesethingsareafter-effects,secondaryaccretionsuponthosephenomenaofvitalconversationwiththeunseendivine,ofwhichIhaveshownyousomanyinstances,renewingthemselvesinsaeculasaeculoruminthelivesofhumbleprivatemen。

  SomuchforthemetaphysicalattributesofGod!Fromthepointofviewofpracticalreligion,themetaphysicalmonsterwhichtheyoffertoourworshipisanabsolutelyworthlessinventionofthescholarlymind。

  Whatshallwenowsayoftheattributescalledmoral?

  Pragmatically,theystandonanentirelydifferentfooting。Theypositivelydeterminefearandhopeandexpectation,andarefoundationsforthesaintlylife。Itneedsbutaglanceatthemtoshowhowgreatistheirsignificance。

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