The Varieties of Religious Experience

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第13章

The Varieties of Religious Experience William James

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The Varieties of Religious Experience
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  “SometimesIwouldleavethecompanyoftenspeakingtothefiddlertoceasefromplaying,asifIwastired,andgooutandwalkaboutcryingandpraying,asifmyveryheartwouldbreak,andbeseechingGodthathewouldnotcutmeoff,norgivemeuptohardnessofheart。Oh,whatunhappyhoursandnightsIthusworeaway!WhenImetsometimeswithmerrycompanions,andmyheartwasreadytosink,Iwouldlabortoputonascheerfulacountenanceaspossible,thattheymightnotdistrustanything,andsometimeswouldbeginsomediscoursewithyoungmenoryoungwomenonpurpose,orproposeamerrysong,lestthedistressofmysoulwouldbediscovered,ormistrusted,whenatthesametimeIwouldthenratherhavebeeninawildernessinexile,thanwiththemoranyoftheirpleasuresorenjoyments。ThusformanymonthswhenIwasincompany?IwouldactthehypocriteandfeignamerryheartbutatthesametimewouldendeavorasmuchasIcouldtoshuntheircompany,ohwretchedandunhappymortalthatIwas!EverythingIdid,andwhereverIwent,IwasstillinastormandyetIcontinuedtobethechiefcontriverandringleaderofthefrolicsformanymonthsafter;thoughitwasatoilandtormenttoattendthem;butthedevilandmyownwickedheartdrovemeaboutlikeaslave,tellingmethatImustdothisanddothat,andbearthisandbearthat,andturnhereandturnthere,tokeepmycreditup,andretaintheesteemofmyassociates:andallthiswhileIcontinuedasstrictaspossibleinmyduties,andleftnostoneunturnedtopacifymyconscience,watchingevenagainstmythoughts,andprayingcontinuallywhereverIwent:forIdidnotthinktherewasanysininmyconduct,whenIwasamongcarnalcompany,becauseIdidnottakeanysatisfactionthere,butonlyfollowedit,Ithought,forsufficientreasons。

  “Butstill,allthatIdidorcoulddo,consciencewouldroarnightandday。”

  SaintAugustineandAllinebothemergedintothesmoothwatersofinnerunityandpeace,andIshallnextaskyoutoconsidermorecloselysomeofthepeculiaritiesoftheprocessofunification,whenitoccurs。Itmaycomegradually,oritmayoccurabruptly;

  itmaycomethroughalteredfeelings,orthroughalteredpowersofaction;oritmaycomethroughnewintellectualinsights,orthroughexperienceswhichweshalllaterhavetodesignateas’mystical。’Howeveritcome,itbringsacharacteristicsortofrelief;andneversuchextremereliefaswhenitiscastintothereligiousmould。Happiness!happiness!religionisonlyoneofthewaysinwhichmengainthatgift。Easily,permanently,andsuccessfully,itoftentransformsthemostintolerablemiseryintotheprofoundestandmostenduringhappiness。

  Buttofindreligionisonlyoneoutofmanywaysofreachingunity;andtheprocessofremedyinginnerincompletenessandreducinginnerdiscordisageneralpsychologicalprocess,whichmaytakeplacewithanysortofmentalmaterial,andneednotnecessarilyassumethereligiousform。Injudgingofthereligioustypesofregenerationwhichweareabouttostudy,itisimportanttorecognizethattheyareonlyonespeciesofagenusthatcontainsothertypesaswell。Forexample,thenewbirthmaybeawayfromreligionintoincredulity;oritmaybefrommoralscrupulosityintofreedomandlicense;oritmaybeproducedbytheirruptionintotheindividual’slifeofsomenewstimulusorpassion,suchaslove,ambition,cupidity,revenge,orpatrioticdevotion。Inalltheseinstanceswehavepreciselythesamepsychologicalformofevent,——afirmness,stability,andequilibriumsucceedingaperiodofstormandstressandinconsistency。Inthesenon-religiouscasesthenewmanmayalsobeborneithergraduallyorsuddenly。

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