The Varieties of Religious Experience

第9章

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第9章

The Varieties of Religious Experience William James

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The Varieties of Religious Experience
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  [23]Example:“Natureisalwayssointeresting,underwhateveraspectsheshowsherself,thatwhenitrains,Iseemtoseeabeautifulwomanweeping。Sheappearsthemorebeautiful,themoreafflictedsheis。”B。deSt。Pierre。

  AsregardstheoriginoftheGreekgods,weneednotatpresentseekanopinion。Butthewholearrayofourinstancesleadstoaconclusionsomethinglikethis:Itisasiftherewereinthehumanconsciousnessasenseofreality,afeelingofobjectivepresence,aperceptionofwhatwemaycall“somethingthere。”

  moredeepandmoregeneralthananyofthespecialandparticular“senses“bywhichthecurrentpsychologysupposesexistentrealitiestobeoriginallyrevealed。Ifthiswereso,wemightsupposethesensestowakenourattitudesandconductastheysohabituallydo,byfirstexcitingthissenseofreality;butanythingelse,anyidea,forexample,thatmightsimilarlyexciteit,wouldhavethatsameprerogativeofappearingrealwhichobjectsofsensenormallypossess。Sofarasreligiousconceptionswereabletotouchthisreality-feeling,theywouldbebelievedininspiteofcriticism,eventhoughtheymightbesovagueandremoteastobealmostunimaginable,eventhoughtheymightbesuchnon-entitiesinpointofWHATNESS,asKantmakestheobjectsofhismoraltheologytobe。

  Themostcuriousproofsoftheexistenceofsuchanundifferentiatedsenseofrealityasthisarefoundinexperiencesofhallucination。Itoftenhappensthatanhallucinationisimperfectlydeveloped:thepersonaffectedwillfeela“presence“intheroom,definitelylocalized,facinginoneparticularway,realinthemostemphaticsenseoftheword,oftencomingsuddenly,andassuddenlygone;andyetneitherseen,heard,touched,norcognizedinanyoftheusual“sensible“

  ways。Letmegiveyouanexampleofthis,beforeIpasstotheobjectswithwhosepresencereligionismorepeculiarlyconcerned。

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