Chap。VIII
OfwhatiscalledExpence，Profit，andLossAswehavebeenemployedinexplainingofterms，itwillnotbeamisstosayawordconcerningthosewhichstandinthetitleofthischapter。
Thetermexpence，whensimplyexpressed，withoutanyparticularrelation，isalwaysunderstoodtoberelativetomoney。ThiskindIdistinguishunderthethreeheads，ofprivate，public，andnational。
1。Privateexpenceis，whataprivateperson，orprivatesociety，laysout，eithertoprovidearticlesofconsumption，orsomethingmorepermanent，whichmaybeconducivetotheirease，convenience，oradvantage。Thuswesay，alargedomesticexpence，relativelytoonewhospendsagreatincome。Wesay，amerchanthasbeenatgreatexpenceformagazines，forliving，forclerks，&c。butneverthathehasbeenatanyinbuyinggoods。Inthesamewayamanufacturermayexpendforbuilding，machines，horses，andcarriages，butneverforthematterhemanufactures。
Whenathingisbought，inordertobesoldagain，thesumemployediscalledmoneyadvanced；whenitisboughtnottobesold，itmaybesaidtobeexpended。