Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays

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第5章

Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays Thomas Henry Huxley

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Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays
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  ThatStateactionalwayshasbeenmoreorlessmisdirected,andalwayswillbeso,is,Ibelieve,perfectlytrue。ButIamnotawarethatitismoretrueoftheactionofmenintheircorporatecapacitythanitisofthedoingsofindividuals。Thewisestandmostdispassionatemaninexistence,merelywishingtogofromonestileinafieldtotheopposite,willnotwalkquitestraight——heisalwaysgoingalittlewrong,andalwayscorrectinghimself;andIcanonlycongratulatetheindividualistwhoisabletosaythathisgeneralcourseoflifehasbeenofalessundulatorycharacter。ToabolishStateaction,becauseitsdirectionisnevermorethanapproximatelycorrect,appearstometobemuchthesamethingasabolishingthemanatthewheelaltogether,because,dowhathewill,theshipyawsmoreorless。“WhyshouldIberobbedofmypropertytopayforteachinganotherman’schildren?“isanindividualistquestion,whichisnotunfrequentlyputasifitsettledthewholebusiness。Perhapsitdoes,butIfinddifficultiesinseeingwhyitshould。TheparishinwhichIlivemakesmepaymyshareforthepavingandlightingofagreatmanystreetsthatIneverpassthrough;[230]andImightpleadthatIamrobbedtosmooththewayandlightenthedarknessofotherpeople。ButIamafraidtheparochialauthoritieswouldnotletmeoffonthisplea;

  andImustconfessIdonotseewhytheyshould。

  Icannotspeakofmyownknowledge,butIhaveeveryreasontobelievethatIcameintothisworldasmallreddishperson,certainlywithoutagoldspooninmymouth,andinfactwithnodiscernibleabstractorconcrete“rights“orpropertyofanydescription。Ifafootwasnotsetuponme,atonce,asasquallingnuisance,itwaseitherthenaturalaffectionofthoseaboutme,whichIcertainlyhaddonenothingtodeserve,orthefearofthelawwhich,agesbeforemybirth,waspainfullybuiltupbythesocietyintowhichIintruded,thatpreventedthatcatastrophe。IfIwasnourished,caredfor,taught,savedfromthevagabondageofawastrel,IcertainlyamnotawarethatIdidanythingtodeservethoseadvantages。And,ifI

  possessanythingnow,itstrikesmethat,thoughImayhavefairlyearnedmyday’swagesformyday’swork,andmayjustlycallthemmyproperty——yet,withoutthatorganizationofsociety,createdoutofthetoilandbloodoflonggenerationsbeforemytime,Ishouldprobablyhavehadnothingbutaflintaxeandanindifferenthuttocallmyown;andeventhosewouldbemineonlysolongasnostrongersavagecamemyway。

  Sothatifsociety,having,quitegratuitously,[231]doneallthesethingsforme,asksmeinturntodosomethingtowardsitspreservation——evenifthatsomethingistocontributetotheteachingofothermen’schildren——Ireallyinspiteofallmyindividualistleanings,feelratherashamedtosayno。AndifIwerenotashamed,I

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