THE PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS

第8章

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第8章

THE PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS N。 Gregory Mankiw

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THE PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS
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  6。Oneoftheweakestpointsoftechnicaleducationisthatitdoesnoteducatethesenseofproportionandthedesireforsimplicityofdetail。TheEnglish,andtoanevengreaterextent,theAmericans,haveacquiredinactualbusinessthefacultyofrejectingintricaciesinmachineryandprocesses,whicharenotworthwhattheycost,andpracticalinstinctofthiskindoftenenablesthemtosucceedincompetitionwithContinentalrivalswhoaremuchbettereducated。

  7。AgoodplanisthatofspendingthesixwintermonthsofseveralyearsafterleavingschoolinlearningscienceinCollege,andthesixsummermonthsasarticledpupilsinlargeworkshops。ThepresentwriterintroducedthisplanaboutfortyyearsagoatUniversityCollege,BristolnowtheUniversityofBristol。Butithaspracticaldifficultieswhichcanbeovercomeonlybythecordialandgenerousco-operationoftheheadsoflargefirmswiththeCollegeauthorities。AnotherexcellentplanisthatadoptedintheschoolattachedtotheworksofMessrsMatherandPlattatManchester。Thedrawingsmadeintheschoolareofworkactuallyinprogressintheshops。Onedaytheteachergivesthenecessaryexplanationsandcalculations,andthenextdaythescholarssee,asitwereontheanvil,theverythingwhichhasbeenthesubjectofhislecture。

  8。Theemployerbindshimselftoseethattheapprenticeisthoroughlytaughtintheworkshopallthesubdivisionsofonegreatdivisionofhistrade,insteadoflettinghimlearnonlyoneofthesesubdivisions,astoooftenhappensnow。Theapprentice’strainingwouldthenoftenbeasbroadasifhehadbeentaughtthewholeofthetradeasitexistedafewgenerationsago。anditmightbesupplementedbyatheoreticalknowledgeofallbranchesofthetrade,acquiredinatechnicalschool。SomethingresemblingtheoldapprenticeshipsystemhasrecentlycomeintovogueforyoungEnglishmenwhodesiretolearnthebusinessoffarmingunderthepeculiarconditionsofanewcountry……andtherearesomesignsthattheplanmaybeextendedtothebusinessoffarminginthiscountry,forwhichitisinmanyrespectsadmirablyadapted。Butthereremainsagreatdealofeducationsuitabletothefarmerandtothefarm-labourerwhichcanbestbegiveninagriculturalcollegesanddairyschools。

  Meanwhilemanygreatagenciesforthetechnicaleducationofadultsarebeingrapidlydeveloped,suchaspublicexhibitions,tradeassociationsandcongresses,andtradejournals。Eachofthemhasitsownworktodo。Inagricultureandsomeothertradesthegreatestaidtoprogressisperhapsfoundinpublicshows。

  Butthoseindustries,whicharemoreadvancedandinthehandsofpersonsofstudioushabits,owemoretothediffusionofpracticalandscientificknowledgebytradejournals。which,aidedbychangesinthemethodsofindustryandalsoinitssocialconditions,arebreakinguptradesecretsandhelpingmenofsmallmeansincompetitionwiththeirricherrivals。

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