WEALTH OF NATIONS

第59章

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第59章

WEALTH OF NATIONS Adam Smith

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WEALTH OF NATIONS
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  DuringtheadministrationofMr。Pelham,theinterestofthepublicdebtwasreduced,oratleastmeasuresweretakenforreducingit,fromfourtothreepercent;thesinkingfundwasincreased,andsomepartofthepublicdebtwaspaidoff。In1755,beforethebreakingoutofthelatewar,thefundeddebtofGreatBritainamountedtoL72,289,673。Onthe5thofJanuary1763,attheconclusionofthepeace,thefundeddebtamountedtoL122,603,3368s。21/4d。TheunfundeddebthasbeenstatedatL13,927,5892s。2d。Buttheexpenseoccasionedbythewardidnotendwiththeconclusionofthepeace,sothatthough,onthe5thofJanuary1764,thefundeddebtwasincreased(partlybyanewloan,andpartlybyfundingapartoftheunfundeddebt)toL129,586,78910s。13/4d。,therestillremained(accordingtotheverywellinformedauthoroftheConsiderationsontheTradeandFinancesofGreatBritain)anunfundeddebtwhichwasbroughttoaccountinthatandthefollowingyearofL9,975,01712s。2

  15/44d。In1764,therefore,thepublicdebtofGreatBritain,fundedandunfundedtogether,amounted,accordingtothisauthor,toL139,516,8072s。4d。Theannuitiesforlives,too,whichhadbeengrantedaspremiumstothesubscriberstothenewloansin1757,estimatedatfourteenyears’purchase,werevaluedatL472,500;andtheannuitiesforlongtermsofyears,grantedaspremiumslikewisein1761and1762,estimatedattwenty—sevenandahalfyears’purchase,werevaluedatL6,826,875。Duringapeaceofaboutsevenyears’continuance,theprudentandtrulypatriotadministrationofMr。Pelhamwasnotabletopayoffanolddebtofsixmillions。Duringawarofnearlythesamecontinuance,anewdebtofmorethanseventy—fivemillionswascontracted。

  Onthe5thofJanuary1775,thefundeddebtofGreatBritainamountedtoL124,996,0861s。61/4d。Theunfunded,exclusiveofalargecivillistdebt,toL4,150,2633s。117/8d。Bothtogether,toL129,146,3225s。6d。Accordingtothisaccountthewholedebtpaidoffduringelevenyears’profoundpeaceamountedonlytoL10,415,47416s。97/8d。Eventhissmallreductionofdebt,however,hasnotbeenallmadefromthesavingsoutoftheordinaryrevenueofthestate。Severalextraneoussums,altogetherindependentofthatordinaryrevenue,havecontributedtowardsit。Amongstthesewemayreckonanadditionalshillinginthepoundland—taxforthreeyears;thetwomillionsreceivedfromtheEastIndiaCompanyasindemnificationfortheirterritorialacquisitions;andtheonehundredandtenthousandpoundsreceivedfromthebankfortherenewaloftheircharter。

  Tothesemustbeaddedseveralothersumswhich,astheyaroseoutofthelatewar,oughtperhapstobeconsideredasdeductionsfromtheexpensesofit。Theprincipalare,Ls。

  d。TheproduceofFrenchprizes690,44918

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