Thereisbutonevoice,amongthoseacquaintedwiththecountry,ontheadmirableeffectsofthistenureoflandinthosecounties。NootheragriculturalpopulationinEnglandcouldhavefurnishedtheoriginalsofWordsworth’speasantry。(1*)
Thegeneralsystem,however,ofEnglishcultivation,affordingnoexperiencetorenderthenatureandoperationofpeasantpropertiesfamiliar,andEnglishmenbeingingeneralprofoundlyignorantoftheagriculturaleconomyofothercountries,theveryideaofpeasantproprietorsisstrangetotheEnglishmind,anddoesnoteasilyfindaccesstoit。Eventheformsoflanguagestandintheway:thefamiliardesignationforownersoflandbeing\"landlords\",atermtowhich\"tenants\"isalwaysunderstoodasacorrelative。Whenatthetimeofthefamine,thesuggestionofpeasantpropertiesasameansofIrishimprovementfounditswayintoparliamentaryandnewspaperdiscussions,therewerewritersofpretensiontowhomtheword\"proprietor\"wassofarfromconveyinganydistinctidea,thattheymistookthesmallholdingsofIrishcottiertenantsforpeasantproperties。Thesubjectbeingsolittleunderstood,I
thinkitimportant,beforeenteringintothetheoryofit,todosomethingtowardsshowinghowthecasestandsastomatteroffact;byexhibiting,atgreaterlengththanwouldotherwisebeadmissible,someofthetestimonywhichexistsrespectingthestateofcultivation,andthecomfortandhappinessofthecultivators,inthosecountriesandpartsofcountries,inwhichthegreaterpartofthelandotherthanthelabourerwhotillsthesoil。
2。IlaynostressontheconditionofNorthAmerica,where,asiswellknown,theland,exceptintheformerSlaveStates,isalmostuniversallyownedbythesamepersonwhoholdstheplough。
AcountrycombiningthenaturalfertilityofAmericawiththeknowledgeandartsofmodernEurope,issopeculiarlycircumstanced,thatscarcelyanything,exceptinsecurityofpropertyoratyrannicalgovernment,couldmateriallyimpairtheprosperityoftheindustriousclasses。Imight,withSismondi,insistmorestronglyonthecaseofancientItaly,especiallyLatium,thatCampagnawhichthenswarmedwithinhabitantsintheveryregionswhichunderacontraryr間imehavebecomeuninhabitablefrommalaria。ButIprefertakingtheevidenceofthesamewriteronthingsknowntohimbypersonalobservation。