[Footnotec:Thisdecreewasprecededbyareportofthecommitteebywhichitwasframed，containingtheexplanationofthemotivesandobjectofthelaw。Thefollowingpassageoccursinit，p。34:—\"WhentherightsreservedbytheConstitutiontothedifferentStatesaredeliberatelyviolated，itisthedutyandtherightofthoseStatestointerfere，inordertochecktheprogressoftheevil;toresistusurpation，andtomaintain，withintheirrespectivelimits，thosepowersandprivilegeswhichbelongtothemasindependentsovereignStates。Iftheyweredestituteofthisright，theywouldnotbesovereign。SouthCarolinadeclaresthatsheacknowledgesnotribunaluponearthaboveherauthority。ShehasindeedenteredintoasolemncompactofunionwiththeotherStates;butshedemands，andwillexercise，therightofputtingherownconstructionuponit;andwhenthiscompactisviolatedbyhersisterStates，andbytheGovernmentwhichtheyhavecreated，sheisdeterminedtoavailherselfoftheunquestionablerightofjudgingwhatistheextentoftheinfraction，andwhatarethemeasuresbestfittedtoobtainjustice。\"]
ChapterXVIII:FutureConditionOfThreeRaces—PartIX
InthemeantimeSouthCarolinaarmedhermilitia，andpreparedforwar。ButCongress，whichhadslighteditssuppliantsubjects，listenedtotheircomplaintsassoonastheywerefoundtohavetakenuparms。*dAlawwaspassed，bywhichthetariffdutiesweretobeprogressivelyreducedfortenyears，untiltheywerebroughtsolowasnottoexceedtheamountofsuppliesnecessarytotheGovernment。*eThusCongresscompletelyabandonedtheprincipleofthetariff;andsubstitutedamerefiscalimposttoasystemofprotectiveduties。*fTheGovernmentoftheUnion，inordertoconcealitsdefeat，hadrecoursetoanexpedientwhichisverymuchinvoguewithfeeblegovernments。
Ityieldedthepointdefacto，butitremainedinflexibleupontheprinciplesinquestion;andwhilstCongresswasalteringthetarifflaw，itpassedanotherbill，bywhichthePresidentwasinvestedwithextraordinarypowers，enablinghimtoovercomebyforcearesistancewhichwasthennolongertobeapprehended。
[Footnoted:CongresswasfinallydecidedtotakethisstepbytheconductofthepowerfulStateofVirginia，whoselegislatureofferedtoserveasmediatorbetweentheUnionandSouthCarolina。HithertothelatterStatehadappearedtobeentirelyabandoned，evenbytheStateswhichhadjoinedinherremonstrances。]