Democracy In America

第5章

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第5章

Democracy In America Alexis de Toqueville

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Democracy In America
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  WefindasentencebearingdatethefirstofMay,1660,inflictingafineandreprimandonayoungwomanwhowasaccusedofusingimproperlanguage,andofallowingherselftobekissed。

  *tTheCodeof1650aboundsinpreventivemeasures。Itpunishesidlenessanddrunkennesswithseverity。*uInnkeepersareforbiddentofurnishmorethanacertainquantityofliquortoeachconsumer;andsimplelying,wheneveritmaybeinjurious,*vischeckedbyafineoraflogging。Inotherplaces,thelegislator,entirelyforgettingthegreatprinciplesofreligioustolerationwhichhehadhimselfupheldinEurope,rendersattendanceondivineservicecompulsory,*wandgoessofarastovisitwithseverepunishment,**andevenwithdeath,theChristianswhochosetoworshipGodaccordingtoaritualdifferingfromhisown。*xSometimesindeedthezealofhisenactmentsinduceshimtodescendtothemostfrivolousparticulars:thusalawistobefoundinthesameCodewhichprohibitstheuseoftobacco。*yItmustnotbeforgottenthatthesefantasticalandvexatiouslawswerenotimposedbyauthority,butthattheywerefreelyvotedbyallthepersonsinterested,andthatthemannersofthecommunitywereevenmoreaustereandmorepuritanicalthanthelaws。In1649asolemnassociationwasformedinBostontochecktheworldlyluxuryoflonghair。*z[Footnotes:Codeof1650,p。48。Itseemssometimestohavehappenedthatthejudgessuperaddedthesepunishmentstoeachother,asisseeninasentencepronouncedin1643(p。114,\"NewHavenAntiquities\"),bywhichMargaretBedford,convictedoflooseconduct,wascondemnedtobewhipped,andafterwardstomarryNicholasJemmings,heraccomplice。]

  [Footnotet:\"NewHavenAntiquities,\"p。104。Seealso\"Hutchinson’sHistory,\"forseveralcausesequallyextraordinary。]

  [Footnoteu:Codeof1650,pp。50,57。]

  [Footnotev:Ibid。,p。64。]

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