The Dominion of the Air

第9章

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第9章

The Dominion of the Air Rev. J. M. Bacon

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The Dominion of the Air
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  FirstletusregardtheactualpathofaballooninspacewhenbeingmanoeuvredinthewaywereadofinMr。Glaisher’sownaccounts。Thispartisinmostcasesapproximatelyindicatedinthatmostattractivevolumeofhisentitled,\"TravelsintheAir,\"bydiagramsgivingasectionalpresentmentofhismoreimportantvoyages;butalittlecommonplaceconsiderationmaytaketheplaceofdiagrams。

  Ithasbeencommontoassertthataballoonpoisedinspaceisthemostdelicatebalanceconceivable。Itsintrinsicweightmustbeexactlyequaltotheweightoftheairitdisplaces,andsincethedensityoftheairdecreasesaccordingtoafixedlaw,amounting,approximately,toadifferenceinbarometricreadingof0。1inchforevery90feet,itfollows,theoretically,thatifaballoonispoisedat1,000feetabovesealevel,thenitwouldnotbeinequilibriumatanyotherheight,solongasitsweightandvolumeremainthesame。Ifitwere50feethigheritmustcommencedescending,and,iflower,thenitmustascendtillitreachesitstruelevel;and,morethanthat,intheeventofeithersuchexcursionmereimpetuswouldcarryitbeyondthislevel,aboutwhichitwouldoscillateforashorttime,afterthemannerofthependulum。

  Thisissubstantiallytrue,butitmustbetakeninconnectionwithotherfactswhichhaveafargreaterinfluenceonaballoon’spositionormotion。

  Forinstance,inthevolumejustreferredtoitisstatedbyM。

  GastonTissandierthatononeoccasionwhenalofthethrewoverboardachickenbone,and,immediatelyconsultingabarometer,hadtoadmiton\"clearestevidencethatthebonehadcausedariseoffromtwentytothirtyyards,sodelicatelyisaballoonequipoisedintheair。\"Here,withoutpausingtocalculatewhetherthedischargeofanounceorsowouldsufficetocausealargeballoontoascendthroughninetyfeet,itmaybepointedoutthattherecordcannotbetrustworthy,fromthemerefactthatafreeballoonisfrommomenttomomentbeingsubjectedtootherpotentinfluences,whichnecessarilyaffectitspositioninspace。Indaytimethesun’sinfluenceisanall—importantfactor,andwhethershiningbrightlyorpartiallyhiddenbyclouds,aslightdifferenceinobscurationwillhaveareadyandmarkedeffectontheballoon’saltitude。Again,aballoonintransitmaypassalmostmomentarilyfromawarmerlayerofairtoacolder,orviceversa,theplaneofdemarcationbetweenthetwobeingverydefiniteandabrupt,andinthiscasealtitudeisatonceaffected;or,yetagain,therearethedescendingandascendingcurrents,metwithconstantlyandunexpectedly,whichhavetobereckonedwith。

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