ON THE SACRED DISEASE

第2章

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第2章

ON THE SACRED DISEASE Hippocrates

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ON THE SACRED DISEASE
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  Oflittlechildrenwhoareseizedwiththisdisease,thegreaterpartdie,providedthedefluxionbecopiousandhumid,fortheveinsbeingslendercannotadmitthephlegm,owingtoitsthicknessandabundance;butthebloodiscooledandcongealed,andthechildimmediatelydies。Butifthephlegmbeinsmallquantity,andmakeadefluxionintoboththeveins,ortothoseoneitherside,thechildrensurvive,butexhibitnotablemarksofthedisorder;foreitherthemouthisdrawnaside,oraneye,theneck,orahand,whereveraveinbeingfilledwithphlegmlosesitstone,andisattenuated,andthepartofthebodyconnectedwiththisveinisnecessarilyrenderedweakeranddefective。Butforthemostitaffordsreliefforalongerinterval;forthechildisnolongerseizedwiththeseattacks,ifonceithascontractedthisimpressofthedisease,inconsequenceofwhichtheotherveinsarenecessarilyaffected,andtoacertaindegreeattenuated,soasjusttoadmittheair,butnolongertopermittheinfluxofphlegm。However,thepartsareproportionallyenfeebledwhenevertheveinsareinanunhealthystate。Wheninstriplingsthedefluxionissmallandtotherightside,theyrecoverwithoutleavinganymarksofthedisease,butthereisdangerofitsbecominghabitual,andevenincreasingifnottreatedbysuitableremedies。Thus,orverynearlyso,isthecasewhenitattackschildren。

  Topersonsofamoreadvancedage,itneitherprovesfatal,norproducesdistortions。Fortheirveinsarecapaciousandarefilledwithhotblood;andthereforethephlegmcanneitherprevailnorcooltheblood,soastocoagulateit,butitisquicklyoverpoweredandmixedwiththeblood,andthustheveinsreceivetheair,andsensibilityremains;and,owingtotheirstrength,theaforesaidsymptomsarelesslikelytoseizethem。Butwhenthisdiseaseattacksveryoldpeople,itthereforeprovesfatal,orinducesparaplegia,becausetheveinsareempty,andthebloodscanty,thin,andwatery。When,therefore,thedefluxioniscopious,andtheseasonwinter,itprovesfatal;foritchokesuptheexhalents,andcoagulatesthebloodifthedefluxionbetobothsides;butiftoeither,itmerelyinducesparaplegia。Forthebloodbeingthin,cold,andscanty,cannotprevailoverthebutbeingitselfoverpowered,itiscoagulated,sothatthosepartsinwhichthebloodiscorrupted,losetheirstrength。

  Thefluxistotherightratherthantotheleftbecausetheveinstherearemorecapaciousandnumerousthanontheleftside,forontheonesidetheyspringfromtheliver,andontheotherfromthespleen。Thedefluxionandmeltingdowntakeplacemostespeciallyinthecaseofchildreninwhomtheheadisheatedeitherbythesunorbyfire,orifthebrainsuddenlycontractarigor,andthenthephlegmisexcreted。Foritismelteddownbytheheatanddiffusionofthebutitisexcretedbythecongealingandcontractingofit,andthusadefluxiontakesplace。Andinsomethisisthecauseofthedisease,andinothers,whenthesouthwindquicklysucceedstonorthernbreezes,itsuddenlyunbindsandrelaxesthebrain,whichiscontractedandweak,sothatthereisaninundationofphlegm,andthusthedefluxiontakesplace。Thedefluxionalsotakesplaceinconsequenceoffear,fromanyhiddencause,ifwearetheatanyperson’scallingaloud,orwhilecrying,whenonecannotquicklyrecoverone’sbreath,suchasoftenhappenstochildren。Whenanyofthesethingsoccur,thebodyimmediatelyshivers,thepersonbecomingspeechlesscannotdrawhisbreath,butthebreath(pneuma)

  stops,thebrainiscontracted,thebloodstandsstill,andthustheexcretionanddefluxionofthephlegmtakeplace。Inchildren,thesearethecausesoftheattackatfirst。Buttooldpersonswinterismostinimical。Forwhentheheadandbrainhavebeenheatedatagreatfire,andthenthepersonisbroughtintocoldandhasarigor,orwhenfromcoldhecomesintowarmth,andsitsatthefire,heisapttosufferinthesameway,andthusheisseizedinthemannerdescribedabove。Andthereismuchdangerofthesamethingoccurring,ifhisheadbeexposedtothesun,butlesssoinsummer,asthechangesarenotsudden。Whenapersonhaspassedthetwentiethyearofhislife,thisdiseaseisnotapttoseizehim,unlessithasbecomehabitualfromchildhood,oratleastthisisrarelyorneverthecase。

  Fortheveinsarefilledwithblood,andthebrainconsistentandfirm,sothatitdoesnotrundownintotheveins,orifitdo,itdoesnotmastertheblood,whichiscopiousandhot。

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