On Memory and Reminiscence

第2章

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第2章

On Memory and Reminiscence Krell David Farrell

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On Memory and Reminiscence
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  Ifthisorderbenecessary,wheneverasubjectexperiencestheformeroftwomovementsthusconnected,itwill(invariably)

  experiencethelatter;if,however,theorderbenotnecessary,butcustomary,onlyinthemajorityofcaseswillthesubjectexperiencethelatterofthetwomovements。Butitisafactthattherearesomemovements,byasingleexperienceofwhichpersonstaketheimpressofcustommoredeeplythantheydobyexperiencingothersmanytimes;henceuponseeingsomethingsbutoncewerememberthembetterthanotherswhichwemayhavebeenfrequently。

  Whenevertherefore,wearerecollecting,weareexperiencingcertainoftheantecedentmovementsuntilfinallyweexperiencetheoneafterwhichcustomarilycomesthatwhichweseek。Thisexplainswhywehuntuptheseries(ofkineseis)havingstartedinthoughteitherfromapresentintuitionorsomeother,andfromsomethingeithersimilar,orcontrary,towhatweseek,orelsefromthatwhichiscontiguouswithit。Suchistheempiricalgroundoftheprocessofrecollection;forthemnemonicmovementsinvolvedinthesestarting—pointsareinsomecasesidentical,inothers,again,simultaneous,withthoseoftheideaweseek,whileinotherstheycompriseaportionofthem,sothattheremnantwhichoneexperiencedafterthatportion(andwhichstillrequirestobeexcitedinmemory)iscomparativelysmall。

  Thus,then,itisthatpersonsseektorecollect,andthus,too,itisthattheyrecollectevenwithouttheeffortofseekingtodoso,viz。whenthemovementimpliedinrecollectionhassupervenedonsomeotherwhichisitscondition。For,asarule,itiswhenantecedentmovementsoftheclassesheredescribedhavefirstbeenexcited,thattheparticularmovementimpliedinrecollectionfollows。

  Weneednotexamineaseriesofwhichthebeginningandendliefarapart,inordertoseehow(byrecollection)weremember;oneinwhichtheylienearoneanotherwillserveequallywell。Foritisclearthatthemethodisineachcasethesame,thatis,onehuntsuptheobjectiveseries,withoutanyprevioussearchorpreviousrecollection。For(thereis,besidesthenaturalorder,viz。theorderofthepralmata,oreventsoftheprimaryexperience,alsoacustomaryorder,and)bytheeffectofcustomthemnemonicmovementstendtosucceedoneanotherinacertainorder。Accordingly,therefore,whenonewishestorecollect,thisiswhathewilldo:hewilltrytoobtainabeginningofmovementwhosesequelshallbethemovementwhichhedesirestoreawaken。Thisexplainswhyattemptsatrecollectionsucceedsoonestandbestwhentheystartfromabeginning(ofsomeobjectiveseries)。For,inorderofsuccession,themnemonicmovementsaretooneanotherastheobjectivefacts(fromwhichtheyarederived)。Accordingly,thingsarrangedinafixedorder,likethesuccessivedemonstrationsingeometry,areeasytoremember(orrecollect)whilebadlyarrangedsubjectsarerememberedwithdifficulty。

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