Aregularattackordefence，therefore，isnottobeexpectedfromsuchapeople，andtheirsoldiersmustbeasignorantandunskilfulastheirfarmersandmanufacturers。
Everythingintheworldispurchasedbylabour;andourpassionsaretheonlycausesoflabour。Whenanationaboundsinmanufacturesandmechanicarts，theproprietorsofland，aswellasthefarmers，studyagricultureasascience，andredoubletheirindustryandattention。Thesuperfluity，whicharisesfromtheirlabour，isnotlost;butisexchangedwithmanufacturesforthosecommodities，whichmen’sluxurynowmakesthemcovet。Bythismeans，landfurnishesagreatdealmoreofthenecessariesoflife，thanwhatsufficesforthosewhocultivateit。Intimesofpeaceandtranquillity，thissuperfluitygoestothemaintenanceofmanufacturers，andtheimproversofliberalarts。
Butitiseasyforthepublictoconvertmanyofthesemanufacturersintosoldiers，andmaintainthembythatsuperfluity，whicharisesfromthelabourofthefarmers。
Accordinglywefind，thatthisisthecaseinallcivilizedgovernments。Whenthesovereignraisesanarmy，whatistheconsequence？Heimposesatax。Thistaxobligesallthepeopletoretrenchwhatisleastnecessarytotheirsubsistence。Those，wholabourinsuchcommodities，musteitherenlistinthetroops，orturnthemselvestoagriculture，andtherebyobligesomelabourerstoenlistforwantofbusiness。Andtoconsiderthematterabstractedly，manufacturesencreasethepowerofthestateonlyastheystoreupsomuchlabour，andthatofakindtowhichthepublicmaylayclaim，withoutdeprivinganyoneofthenecessariesoflife。Themorelabour，therefore，isemployedbeyondmerenecessaries，themorepowerfulisanystate;sincethepersonsengagedinthatlabourmayeasilybeconvertedtothepublicservice。Inastatewithoutmanufactures，theremaybethesamenumberofhands;butthereisnotthesamequantityoflabour，norofthesamekind。Allthelabouristherebestoweduponnecessaries，whichcanadmitoflittleornoabatement。
Thusthegreatnessofthesovereignandthehappinessofthestateare，inagreatmeasure，unitedwithregardtotradeandmanufactures。Itisaviolentmethod，andinmostcasesimpracticable，toobligethelabourertotoil，inordertoraisefromthelandmorethanwhatsubsistshimselfandfamily。Furnishhimwithmanufacturesandcommodities，andhewilldoitofhimself。Afterwardsyouwillfinditeasytoseizesomepartofhissuperfluouslabour，andemployitinthepublicservice，withoutgivinghimhiswontedreturn。Beingaccustomedtoindustry，hewillthinkthislessgrievous，thanif，atonce，youobligedhimtoanaugmentationoflabourwithoutanyreward。Thecaseisthesamewithregardtotheothermembersofthestate。