istraditionalintheseclasses。Itisbynomeansautomatic，butinvolvesforthemostpartsomeconscioussacrificeofcurrentsatisfactioninfavourofagreaterestimatedfuturesatisfactiontothesaverorhisfamily。
Themotiveswhichinfluencesuchsaving，alikeinitsamountanditsapplicationascapital，arecomplexandvarious。Butthesacrificeascribedtosuchsavingcannotbeassumedtoinvolveanyeconomiccost，inthesensethatitrequiresthepaymentofeconomicinteresttoevokeit。Stilllesscanitbeassumedtoinvolveahumancost。Agooddealofthismiddle-classsaving，thoughlessautomaticthanthesavingsoftherich，isacalculatedpostponementofsomeexpenditurewhichmightpurchasepresentcomfortsorluxuries，inordertomakeprovisionforthepurchaseofnecessariesorconveniencesatsomefuturetime。Inaword，itisofthenatureofthe\'stocking\'saving，whichthebetter-to-dopeasantshavealwayspractisedbeforetheopportunitiesofprofitableandfairlysafeinvestmentwereopentothem。Thoughutilisedtoearninterest，thesavingwouldbemadejustthesameifnoobjectiveinterestwereattainable，provideditweretolerablysecureagainstpillageordestruction。Riskcountsformorethaninterestinsuchsaving，andthebulkoftheso-calledinterestwhichsuchsavingsdemand，asaconditionofloanorinvestment，isnottrueinterestbutinsurance。
Butinpracticeinseparablefromsuchsavingisthatundertakenwiththedirectobjectofearninginterestuponthecapital。Agreatdealofmiddle-classsaving，andsomesavingoftherichclasswouldnottakeplacewithoutthehopeofreceivinginterest。Ifnointerestwereattainable，thoughsomesavingmighttakeplace，inordertoprovideagainstthepossibilityofatotalcollapseofcurrentearningpowerandaconsequentdeprivationofthenecessariesoflife，therewouldbelittledispositiontogiveupanypresentfreeexpenditureoncomfortsinordertoprovideforfuturecomfortswhichmightnotbewanted，orwhich，inconsequenceoflossofsavings，mightnotbeprocurable。
Apositivebonusintheshapeofinterestseemsnecessarytoevokethislattersaving。Theoperationofthisbonusasaninducementis，however，verycomplex。Itmightappearatfirstsightobviousthat，thelargerthebonusintheshapeofrateofinterest，thegreatertheaggregateofsavingitwouldevoke。Sofarasnon-automaticsavingismotivedbyageneraldesiretobebetteroffinthefuture，inordertoattainastandardofconsumptionandofsocialconsiderationwhichdenotesuccessandsatisfypersonalambition，orinordertobequeathalargeestatetoone\'sfamily，higherinterestwilltendtoevokeacorrespondingincreaseofsavinginthosewhosecurrentincomesenablethemtosaveconsiderablesumswithoutencroachingupontheirestablishedstandardofcomfort。Youngormiddle-agedmen，ofanaspiringnatureandwithrisingincomes，willundoubtedlysavemoreiftheyseeahandsomereturnontheirinvestments。
But，asmostmenwillrealisemoreclearlyandfeelmorekeenlythesefutureeconomicandsocialgainsifthefullfruitsofsuchsavingswillbereapedbythemselves，notbytheirheirs，ageingmenwillbelikelytorespondlessfreelytothismotive。Presentcomfort，security，andpower，willmeanmoretothemthanafutureliberalityoflivingwhichtheycanonlyhopetoenjoyforafewyears，ifatall。Theamount，therefore，oftheaccelerationofsavingachievedbyariseofinterestwilldependagooddealupontherelativeimportancethisgeneraldesiretobebetteroffpossessesasaninducementtosave。Thatrelativeimportanceagainwilldependagooddealuponwhethertheeconomicandsocialconditionsofthecommunityplaceconsiderablenumbersofyoungerbusinessorprofessionalmeninapositionofrisingincomesandofconsiderablesavingpower，or，onthecontrary，confinesuchsurpluseschieflytooldermen。