Adam Smith

第9章

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第9章

Adam Smith Biographiq

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Adam Smith
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  Buttheordinaryloveofourcountryinvolvestwothings:acertainreverencefortheformofgovernmentactuallyestablished,andanearnestdesiretorendertheconditionofourfellow-citizensassafe,respectable,andhappy,aspossible。Itisonlyintimesofpublicdiscontentandfactionthatthesetwoprinciplesmaydrawdifferentways,andleadtodoubtwhetherachangeintheconstitutionmightnotbemostconducivetothegeneralhappiness。Insuchtimes,theleadersofthediscontentedpartyoftenpropose\"tonew-modeltheconstitution,andtoalter,insomeofitsmostessentialparts,thatsystemofgovernmentunderwhichthesubjectsofagreatempirehaveenjoyedperhapspeace,security,andevenglory,duringthecourseofseveralcenturiestogether。\"Anditmayrequirethehighesteffortofpoliticalwisdomtodeterminewhenarealpatriotoughttosupportandtrytore-establishtheauthorityoftheoldsystem,andwhenheoughttogivewaytothemoredaring,butoftendangerous,spiritofinnovation。

  Nothing,indeed,ismorefataltothegoodorderofsocietythanthepolicyof\"amanofsystem,\"whoissoenamouredofhisownidealplanofgovernmentastobeunabletosufferthesmallestdeviationfromanypartofit,andwhoinsistsuponestablishingandestablishingallatonce,andinspiteofallopposition,whateverhisideamayseemtorequire。

  Suchamanerectshisownjudgmentintothesupremestandardofrightandwrong,andfancieshimselftheonlywiseandworthymaninthecommonwealth。

  \"Itisuponthisaccountthatofallpoliticalspeculatorssovereignprincesarebyfarthemostdangerous。Thisarroganceisperfectlyfamiliartothem。Theyentertainnodoubtoftheimmensesuperiorityoftheirownjudgment……andconsiderthestateasmadeforthemselves,notthemselvesforthestate。\"

  Itisotherwisewiththerealpatriot,withthemanwhosepublicspiritispromptedaltogetherbyhumanityandbenevolence。He\"willrespecttheestablishedpowersandprivilegesevenofindividuals,andstillmorethoseofthegreatordersandsocietiesintowhichthestateisdivided。Thoughheshouldconsidersomeofthemasinsomemeasureabusive,hewillcontenthimselfwithmoderating,whatheoftencannotannihilatewithoutgreatviolence。Whenhecannotconquertherootedprejudicesofthepeoplebyreasonandpersuasion,hewillnotattempttosubduethembyforce,butwillreligiouslyobservewhatbyCiceroisjustlycalledthedivinemaximofPlato,nevertouseviolencetohiscountry,nomorethantohisparents。

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